In Python, integers int are positive or negative whole numbers, with no predefined limit on their size (only the limitations of the system’s memory).
In Python, integers can be declared in the following ways:
numero_entero = 42
numero_negativo = -10
Operations with Integers
Python supports basic mathematical operations with integers, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division:
# Addition
suma = 10 + 5
print(suma) # Output: 15
# Subtraction
resta = 10 - 5
print(resta) # Output: 5
# Multiplication
multiplicacion = 10 * 5
print(multiplicacion) # Output: 50
# Division
division = 10 / 5
print(division) # Output: 2.0 (the result is always a float in Python 3)
Integer Division and Modulo
Python also supports integer division (//) and the modulo operator (%):
# Integer Division
division_entera = 10 // 3
print(division_entera) # Output: 3
# Modulo
modulo = 10 % 3
print(modulo) # Output: 1 (the remainder of the division 10 / 3 is 1)
Exponentiation
Python allows calculating powers using the ** operator:
# Power
potencia = 2 ** 3
print(potencia) # Output: 8 (2 raised to the power of 3)
Integer Overflow
Unlike other languages, Python automatically handles integer overflow by dynamically adjusting the size of the internal representation.
import sys
numero_grande = sys.maxsize + 1
print(numero_grande) # Output: 9223372036854775808 (very large integer)
This allows handling very large integers without worrying about capacity overflow.
Operations with Floating Point
When performing division, the result is always a float in Python 3, even if the result is a whole number.
resultado = 10 / 5
print(resultado) # Output: 2.0 (float)
Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Representation
Integers in Python can be represented in different numerical bases:
# Binary
binario = 0b1010 # Represents the number 10 in binary
print(binario) # Output: 10
# Octal
octal = 0o52 # Represents the number 42 in octal
print(octal) # Output: 42
# Hexadecimal
hexadecimal = 0x2A # Represents the number 42 in hexadecimal
print(hexadecimal) # Output: 42
Type Conversion
It is possible to convert other data types to integers using functions like int():
texto = "42"
numero = int(texto) # Converts the text "42" to an integer 42
print(numero) # Output: 42
Useful Functions and Methods
Python offers useful built-in functions for working with integers:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
abs() | Returns the absolute value of an integer. |
pow(base, exponent) | Calculates the power of a number. |
divmod(a, b) | Returns the quotient and remainder of the division of a by b. |
# Example of using built-in functions
valor_absoluto = abs(-10)
print(valor_absoluto) # Output: 10
